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Dissection of the Orchestra
The layout of an orchestra is designed simply to produce the best quality of sound from all of the players. Take a glance at the chart and you'll notice that all of the super loud instruments are towards the back, and all of the quieter instruments are in the front.
The Brass Family
Trumpets, French horns, trombones, and tubas all make up the brass family. These instruments are LOUD and sit in the back. The String Family
Violins, violas, cellos, and basses all make up the strings family. These instruments take up the beginning sections of the orchestra and are not nearly as loud as the brass instruments.
The woodwinds
Flutes, clarinets, bassoons, and oboes are in the woodwind family. They are loud, but not quite as loud as brass instruments. This places them in the middle of the orchestra.
Percussion
There are many percussion instruments used in an orchestra, but the main instruments are the cymbals, timpani, and the piano. All of these are in the back of the orchestra.
The Conductor
The conductor stands on a podium infront of the orchestra. He uses his hands and/or a baton to conduct each player.