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World History Daily

Posted 2015-04-24 08:13:26 | Views: 1,143

The main dispute stemmed from the fact that the Church was selling indulgences, people were literally buying their way into heaven. In B.C. , they started telling people that in order for their loved ones to go to heaven, they had to pay the church a lot of money, or they would go to the underworld forever. It was a huge money making scheme

World History Daily
Martin Luthers agruments against indulgences in the Catholic Chruch
  Martin Luther's criticism of the Catholic Church was written in a his famous pamphlet called "95 Theses". It was basically a criticism against the indulgence which was put into practice by the Catholic Church during the papacy of Pope Leo X.
 Martin Luther and others questioned the Catholic Church by relying on scriptures, the first printed books became available to the populations because of the printing press.
Martin Luther Sparked The Reformation in Germany by opposing Roman Catholic teachings.
Common people could read and understand the Bible. Bibles were only written in Latin at the time, and only priests learned how to read Latin. The Church used this to its advantage, and sometimes lied to the people what the Bible said to work for the benefit of the Church.
Protestant Reformation Martin Luther 95 theses 
In 1517, the priest and scholar Martin Luther enters the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany, and nails a piece of paper to it containing the 95 revolutionary opinions that would begin the Protestant Reformation. 
Desiderius Erasmus (1466-1536) made some of the same scathing attacks on Church practices as Luther, arguing against the fancy court life at Rome and against the selling of indulgences . Unlike Luther, however, Erasmus never advocated views leading to excommunication.     
 In the 1380s Wycliffe, a professor at Oxford, translated the Bible from the Latin Vulgate into English. He did this because he felt that the Bible held authority over the Church, not vice versa. 
Sales of Indulgences 
In January 1521, Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther. Three months later, Luther was called to defend his beliefs before Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Worms, where he was famously resistant. For his refusal to deny his writings the emperor declared him an outlaw and a heretic. Luther was protected by powerful German princes, however and by his death in 1546 the course of Western civilization had been significantly altered.

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Posted 2014-12-16 11:12:05 | Views: 896
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ROMAN DAILY

Posted 2014-12-12 08:34:22 | Views: 1,143
ROMAN DAILY
VALERIAN
BORN- 199 A.D.
DIED - 260 A.D.

He was the Emperor of Rome for 7 years. He was Emperor between October 253 A.D. -- 260 A.D. All of this was during The Crisis of the Third Century. 

 Valerian attempted to stay the advances of the barbarians and the Persians on Roman territory and was a vigorous persecutor of the Christians.
Valerian was in the province of Raetia (modern Switzerland) when the news of Gallus's murder by his own troops reached him. Valerian was then saluted as Emperor by his own army. 

 The second major crisis of the empire was  spiritual values. Traditional Romans regarded traditional religion as one of the foundations of their success, but this religion was being challenged by many sects, especially the Christians. By the 4th year of his reign as Emperor, his attitude changed.

Valerian may have felt it was important to have maximum support for the Roman gods. Meanwhile,  problems caught the attention of Valerian. The Persian king Shahpur I had raided the Eastern provinces and seized Antioch, the Third-largest city in the Empire. 
He was married to a woman named  Mariniana and they had 2 kids, Gallienus and, Valerianus Minor 

Valerian's own armies were weakened by a plague. He was forced to return to the Persian menace, which now entered upon the city of Edessa. While trying to relieve the city, Valerian was captured by Shahpur. In any case the Persian king was extremely proud of his capture and had monumental cliff reliefs showing Valerian kneeling before him. 

 Whatever the circumstances, Valerian seems to have died within a short time of his capture. His son Gallienus succeeded him. That was the end of Emperor Valerian. Gallienus was the new Emperor until he was assassinated in 268 A.D.
"Valerian." Encyclopedia of World Biography. Detroit: Gale, 1998. World History in Context. Web. 16 Dec. 2014.