damarisann

 Beauty is ambiguous. There is no one definitive form of beauty. What is perceived by one individual as beautiful may be considered visually unpleasant to another. Naturally, such differences in opinions will occur. Overall, the majority of society can determine as to what is attractive and what is not. In conclusion, there are advertisements specifically structured to what the public wants. These advertisements influence people on what products to buy and what clothes to wear. Blindly trusting where the product comes from and how it was made without very much information at all. Aside from that the model advertising it was beautiful, which obviously means, it must work. Many have unintentionally been coaxed into this reoccurring, and brilliant, marketing tactic. Few have dug in to the inner-workings of a multi-billion dollar industry.

BEAUTY INDUSTRY ANALYSES

In the United States alone Americans have spent an obsessive amount of time and money in perfecting the concept of beauty. In 2005, the cosmetics industry grossed a 44.6 billion revenue. By 2011, the growing industry had accumulated a monstrous 53.7 billion. Jumping almost 10 billion dollars in only 6 years. These numbers aren’t as shocking in comparison to the global revenue of the cosmetics/beauty industry. In 2007, the industry accrued globally 206.72 billion dollars (in U.S. currency). In 2012, up to 244.8 billion dollars. The beauty industry is labelled “recession proof” (HR world) and has a projected worldwide revenue of 265 billion dollars by the year 2017. What in specific is the most sought after products in the industry? Facial and skin care are the leading products in the industry making up 27% of the overall revenue; personal care 23%; hair care 20%; make up 20%; and fragrance at 10%. Since skin care takes first place as the highest grossing product, let’s touch lightly on cosmetic surgery. In 2013, 15.1 billion cosmetic procedures were performed in the United States. The top five cosmetic surgical procedures: breast augmentation, nose reshaping, eyelid surgery (yes that is apparently a thing), liposuction, and face-lift. Ninety-one percent of cosmetic procedures that took place in 2013 were performed on females (Surgeons).

MARKETING MANIPULATIONS

It is no secret that the media plays off the consumers insecurities. When profiting billions is the name of the game, some of the dirtiest players come out of the woodwork. This has been an occurrence as far back as the 1950’s. For example, Clairol’s “Does she or doesn’t she?” campaign. Which triggered an explosion in sales. The percentage of women dying their hair skyrocketed from 7% in the 1950’s to 40% in the 1970’s. The televised and magazine ads for the product proclaimed things such as “If I only have one life, let me live it as a blonde.” Pushing the coveted yellow shade as a way to transform your life. How about body hair? Today women are depicted without virtually any body hair aside from what is found on the top of their heads. According to researcher Christine Hope (Scherker) fashion and advertising is directly to blame. From the 16th to 19th century European and American women kept body hair au natural. In 1915 came an “assault on the underarm" a eruption of advertisements warning women that unsightly, unfeminine under-hair arm must be shaved to look "as smooth as the face." Next women were encouraged to shave their legs and bikini lines to look more attractive in sheer stockings and swimwear. Now in 2014, a whopping 77% of women shave or wax almost all body hair. Last but not least, your nails are horrid. In 1911, Northam Warren produced the first nail polish. With his new find also came an advertising campaign. “With every move your hand—your nails are conspicuous,” (Scherker) the advertisement proclaimed. Having well-manicured nails meant you were sophisticated and surpassed the bottom feeders and their manual labor. The nail industry boomed from $150,000 in 1916 to $2 million by 1920. Last year the industry grew to an all-time high, accruing $7.47 billion.

COSMETIC BREAK-DOWN

Under current law in the United States, the FDA does not review cosmetics before they are marketed to consumers. Upon request by the consumer only, the FDA can investigate a potentially hazardous product. Unless a product specifically makes a medical claim, such as anti-dandruff shampoo, is it classified as a “drug” and requires the FDA’s stamp of approval. The United States FDA does not require animal testing in order for a product to be declared safe. China, however, conducts mandatory animal tests on all cosmetic products imported into the country. Brazil also requires animal testing on some, but not all, cosmetics. Even though in the U.S. it is not mandatory to conduct animal testing, some companies choose to. When a company chooses to develop or use untested ingredients in their cosmetics, conducting animal tests better evaluates the safety of these products. Some commonly performed tests would be (Society):

• Skin and eye irritation tests. Where chemicals are rubbed onto the shaved skin or dripped into the eyes of restrained rabbits without any pain relief.

• Repeated force-feeding studies lasting weeks or months to look for signs of general illness or specific health hazards such as cancer or birth defects.

• Widely condemned "lethal dose" tests, in which animals are forced to swallow large amounts of a test chemical to determine the dose that causes death.

There is a surprising amount of commonly used cosmetic/beauty product brands that still test on animals. Regardless of the existing and growing alternatives. Brands involving hair in skin care that test on animals in the United States: TRESemmé, Nexxus, Redkin, Nair, Aveeno, Clean & Clear, and many others. Brands involving cosmetics/make up: L’Oreal, Urban Decay, Ralph Lauren (cosmetics and fragrances), Lancome, and the list goes on.

 Do not be deceived by products that claim to have a fragrance, chances are if you buy apple scented shampoo there was no apple involved. Just a series of harsh chemicals made up to simulate the smell of an apple. The term “fragrance” was created to protect a company’s secret formula. According to EWG (Environmental Working Group) and their skin-deep database, “fragrance mixes have been associated with allergies, dermatitis, respiratory distress and potential effects on the reproductive system. It can be found in many products such as perfume, cologne, conditioner, shampoo, body wash and moisturizers,” (Cunningham).

Several alternatives to products containing harsh chemicals and those that test on animals are available. Physicians Formula, Bare Minerals, Sephora Natural & Organic Make-up, among many others. In order for a product to be classified as “100% organic” and use the USDA (NOP: National Organic Program) seal, it must consist of 100% organic ingredients. In Europe and the United States, there are no government regulations specifically for organic cosmetics. Contracted certifying agents supervise health and beauty products and award them “organic seals,” as shown on brands such as Physicians Formula.

What defines sex appeal? We turn to billboards, ads, commercials, and many other outlets to show us what it means to be sexy. Portraying a form of flawless beauty, we all grow so accustomed to covet. There are tips and tricks in every corner of the internet on how to enhance beauty, or buy products that claim to. Young women look at starlets with long locks, blemish free faces, expecting to be them, and young girls destroy themselves trying. The harsh reality is so many men and women in the media do not even look like themselves; money truly can fix every uneven line that was naturally drawn. This is how society as a whole functions, sex sells, and it is a journey learning how to decipher the real from the fake and not beating yourself up about it in the process.

 An ugly truth about the media, there is an era for “body types.” Ever notice how the earth shifted when the sexiest body on the planet was hands down a Victoria’s Secret model, and now its women like Eva Longoria or Kim Kardashian. As we evolve and desensitize to certain types of sex appeal, the shock factor lessens and lessens. Now people recognize “stick thin” is not the only figure that demands attention, curvy is back. “There is more to admire, more to love,” people say of bodies like Kim Kardashian. It was cute in the beginning, inspirational even. However, we can’t kid ourselves, right? “Curvy” means perfect big breasts, super-model skinny waist, flowing into a large behind with zero cellulite and sculpted legs. When it is not your job to be beautiful, like it is for celebrities, you have to put less effort into it. This results in normal every day looking women who are society’s true definition of beauty. However, there is a lot to be said for women empowerment and supporting the many different body types and faces. Truthfully, how many of you can say seeing a women posing naked on the cover of a magazine evokes a strong sense of empowerment? Could it be we are going about this all wrong, and actually demeaning our self-worth? In fear of sounding like a feminist, I will counter act by admitting feeling sexy is powerful. On the other hand, why is being sexy confined to showing skin? Can there not be an illuminating sex appeal just by how one carries themselves, or demands attention when entering a room; fully clothed perhaps?

”Now every girl is expected to have Caucasian blue eyes, full Spanish lips, a classic button nose, hairless Asian skin with a California tan, a Jamaican dance hall ass, long Swedish legs, small Japanese feet, the abs of a lesbian gym owner, the hips of a nine-year-old boy, the arms of Michelle Obama, and doll tits” (Fey). Tina Fey is just one of many who blatantly and perfectly worded the bitter truth of what is expected of women. Though I personally believe, the pressure is rising for men as well. Men are to be depicted with glistening tans, perfectly sculpted abs, and effortlessly style hair. Most magazines choose not to spend time emphasizing inner beauty, and the genuinely beautiful parts of being human. It appears to cause a ripple effect in humanity. In turn, we choose to care less about the things that last a lifetime, whereas beauty does not.

 Ever remember the line your mom fed you when you were young, “beauty is in the eye of the beholder, honey.” Then you walk away thinking, she is biased. For god’s sake, she told you being president was just as possible of a career as waitressing at the local pub if you have the determination. Reality check, it is true, and mom really does know best. If there really were no ads, no commercials, no media outlets of any kind it would be up to the individual to resolute what they find to be alluring and sexy. If everyone could just step back and appreciate the others differences and beauty, this world would be a much kinder and forgiving place. Body image issues are one of the ugliest parts about fashion and beauty. In the United States alone, 20 million women and 10 million men suffer or have suffered from a clinically significant eating disorder at some time in their life. 35-57% of adolescent girls from ages 10-18 engage in crash dieting, fasting, self-induced vomiting, diet pills, or laxatives (www.nationaleatingdisorders.org). The influence of the media on the proliferation of eating disorders such as anorexia or bulimia cannot be disproven. From an early age, we are blasted with images and subliminal messages reinforcing the idea that in order to be happy and successful we must be thin. (www.Raderprograms.com) Fashion models’ weight averaged only 8% less than the average women 20 years ago. Today the average fashion model weighs 23% less than the average woman.

 It is always important to remind yourself it is not wholly about how you look on the outside. Confidence radiates, taking place of anything deemed “unattractive.” It is imperative when changing your lifestyle for the better, to start with how you perceive yourself. If you feel ugly, it will show no matter how much concealer is used. If hating the body you have is the first thing you do when standing in front of the mirror, try shifting those destructive thoughts. The beautiful part of humanity is that we are all so different and unique. There is no one characterization of beauty. With countless body types, hair colors, and facial structures, there should be no envy for what the other has. Yet, it is so ordinary to want what you do not have. Just like mom said, “beauty IS in the eye of the beholder,” do not judge your peers for materialistic purposes or surface related beauty if that is something you struggle with yourself.

Fall is here again, and if you are like me, this is the most anticipated season for fashion. From sweaters, to boots, and coats the possibilities are limitless. Throw in a couple statement pieces and you will have the trendiest look in the office, or for a casual night out with friends. Many of your favorite go-to pieces are versatile and can be transformed from day to night with just a few accessories. We will touch base on our favorite “must-haves” for professional and personal attire!

Sweaters, whether it be at the office, at home or out with friends it is hard to mess up this simple yet sophisticated look. One of the popular styles for fall 2014 is high-low sweaters, a flattering fit for all body types. Pair a high-low sweater with skinny jeans, boots, and a statement necklace and you have yourself an outfit appropriate for the office or out for drinks with friends! To make that signature-look cozy and comfy, swap out the pants for non-transparent leggings and throw on a thick knit scarf to play up that “fall fashion” we all know and love. Pro tip: leave your leggings at home ladies, and stick to pants at the office (Manning). Now, want to spice it up, find a baroque patterned sweater or some lively print and match it with classic black trousers and heels instead of boots. A little high-end, classy touch never hurt anyone. All the while you remain warm, and in style! Another fall favorite is cardigans. If it is not a multipurpose piece of clothing, I do not know what is. Classy and elegant, a cardigan is flawless worn over a dress or pencil skirt with a chic simple belt, for those days at the office or other formal occasions. Throw on a solid color cardigan over a plaid shirt, with like matching colors, and roll up the sleeves for a more casual refined look.

Just about everyone’s all-time favorite, boots. Boots are one of the many versatile items I discussed previously. Pair them with just about anything, a dress, skinny jeans, leggings. There are many different kinds, heels, combat, wedged, booties, riding boots, this list goes one. Every girl must have, in my opinion, one of each, in every standard color; gray, black, cognac (light brown), and chocolate brown. They can have fur, suede material, whatever ones fashionable little heart desires. Boots are the must-have go to shoes for fall. There are rules though ladies, don’t show up at the office with black leather boots and a pencil skirt, or the last thing you’ll be doing is trending for flattering reasons. Modesty is the best policy at the office some favored office wear boots are booties or ankle boots. However, please, keep the boots with fur for the club. Or preferably in small, small doses.

The controversy beings here! Leggings, can we wear them as pants? I say, yes! (Manning) Before you yell at me, and throw your half-full mug of lukewarm coffee at your computer screen, hear me out. There are many realistic ways to wear leggings, with one strict rule, thick fabric that doesn’t become transparent over your rear. A few years ago this would have been a no-go, but with the fast-paced progression of the fashion world, leggings worn as pants has grown on me… hello jeggings! Stick to the classic black leggings or branch out and try a fun tribal print, be careful with the prints though and pair with a solid color top. Some celebrities seen sporting this new trend would be Christy Turlington, Jessica Alba, Kim Kardashian, and countless others (Images).

Whatever you may call it a jacket, or coat, it is another fun way to layer up for fall and winter! There are many different styles, lengths, and prints to choose from in this essential fashion staple. The classic pea coat, typically made of 100% wool and first worn by European sailors, this is a style that will stick with fashion for years to come with few modifications. Why change a good thing? (Glamour)Chic bomber coats, for the grungy girl you want to play on the weekends. Trench coats, typically falling over-the-knee, perfect for the classy put together corporate women. Plaids, solids, leather, pleather, and endless patterns! This year’s must-have jacket style? Seen on many celebrities such as Natalie Portman, Emma Watson, and Kristen Stewart, the parka. A parka is the worldwide representation for those chilly months, stay warm and on point with this coveted item!

 Last but not least, accessories. (Strauss) Whether you like to pile it on or keep it modest, jewelry is in almost every fashionable girl’s interest. If you desire jewelry you can wear with almost any outfit, pearls are the sure fit. Whether they are real or fake (and let’s be honest, you can’t tell most of the time anyway) pearls zest up an outfit while maintaining a sophisticated look. When it comes to earrings, one of my personal favorites are the teardrop style. Hopefully, you as a reader are checking these items off your list, as they’re already in your jewelry box! When it comes to purses, for those frigid fall months you’ll need something a little larger to house those hats and mittens you may not be wearing all day but keep just in case. If you’re going to a festival a crossbody strap purse will do; for those other occasions, a short strap handbag is just the fashionable fix you’ll need! Scarves and shawls, you cannot grasp those winter months without at least one in every color and print known to womankind. Scarves come in many styles, thin and silky, thick and knitted, or oversized. For fall, as seen on celebrities like Jennifer Aniston and famous world renowned fashion designer Rachel Zoe, those thick knitted and oversized scarves paired with the previously mentioned pea coat or bomber jacket will have all eyes on you!